The Changing Job of Community Television Sporting activities Broadcasting
If you can find been a person immutable rule in the course of American television heritage, it's been regional information. Nearly from The instant the station first signed on air, they began carrying regional information exactly where athletics normally played A significant purpose. An absence of consistent programming sources in these early several years led lots of stations to turn to sports to fill their broadcasting schedules. Ny's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its initially broadcast was a professional baseball recreation ("NBC Heritage", 2003). When building community newscasts to accommodate their viewers, these stations typically integrated sports activities and climate. One example is, in 1961 WKMG started off its to start with full-time news department in Orlando. Newscasts consist of Frank Vaught's sports activities reviews ("The background of," 2003).Sports activities have held a dominant placement in neighborhood news broadcasting for numerous a long time, but modern sector tendencies have named into concern this placement. Segmented audiences, shifting demographics, and declining news profitability have forced the station to reexamine its nearby sports phase. “Sporting activities is one of the past parts of Tv set the place folks do issues the way they normally have,” suggests tv executive Elliott Wiser. “(Today) a completely new tactic is required” (Deggans, 2000).
Issue for Local Television set News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Venture for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 76%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television Information Director’s Association(“Altering channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Television set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Dilemma for Nearby Television set Sports activities
None of the is Excellent news for the regional television athletics sector, that is ever more below scrutiny from station execs. Inspite of its standard existence inside of area newscasts, sports activities have extensive been deemed a "tuning" factor. In line with a study through the Radio and tv News Directors Basis, only 31% of viewers said they have been 'very interested' in athletics and 32% were 'fairly fascinated' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed curiosity from the weather. "Sports activities are particularly polarizing." said television information marketing consultant Brent Magid. “The majority can take, depart, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Experiments have shown that Females are significantly fewer thinking about athletics than Adult men (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and many stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In line with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a story when no-one is listening will not be a very good use of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eliminated the sport, while others have lowered their allotted time. Dependant upon the working day of the week (weekends have more sports time), sports segments have typically acquired involving a few and 5 minutes of community information protection. Since amount is right down to about a minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA cut the time for sporting activities by just a few in addition to a 50 % minutes for 3 hrs of reports. Other individuals inside the business have implemented new approaches, such as sporting activities tales that emphasis far more on men and women than scores or cater into a wider news viewers. "What we 스포츠중계 are looking to do now's treat sporting activities as information," states KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We wish to do anything over and above sports” (Finder, 2002).
Dialogue
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Tv set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Alterations in nearby sporting activities can be a reflection of the huge upheaval happening throughout broadcast information. In the event the sporting activities sector is not safe, How about other news elements? CBS Team News Vice chairman Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) said, “[All this] forces us to reexamine the [information] design.”
On a far more quick amount, modifications during the neighborhood sporting activities sector immediately have an affect on A huge number of aspiring sportscasters. Stations that are minimizing their determination to sports activities also are reducing their sports activities workforce concentrations, which impacts the job industry. A different news director mentioned, "[Sporting activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two full-time sportsmen to 1 whole-time, one accountable for the information a few days per week, and it had been a combat to remain there.”
Similarly essential, adjustments in how sporting activities are presented are forcing sports broadcasters to understand new approaches. No more can sportscasters deal with scoring. They've to produce the presentation far more participating for normal lovers. This is often also important for journalism faculties across the country, which ought to doc what stations want while in the athletics sector and update their teaching curricula.
Will these improvements do the job or persist? Sporting activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented over the improve in KDKA, “Enable’s reserve remaining judgment until September, when the Steelers, college, and highschool soccer seasons start off in earnest. Then the station might be . There may be an mistake in clock management.”