The Changing Role of Community Television Sporting activities Broadcasting
If you will find been one particular immutable rule all through American tv background, it has been local news. Pretty much from the moment the station very first signed on air, they commenced carrying local news wherever sports often performed An important purpose. An absence of constant programming sources in these early several years led lots of stations to turn to sports to fill their broadcasting schedules. Ny's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its initially broadcast was a professional baseball recreation ("NBC Heritage", 2003). When acquiring local newscasts to fit their audience, these stations generally involved sporting activities and temperature. For instance, in 1961 WKMG started out its 1st whole-time information Office in Orlando. Newscasts involve Frank Vaught's sporting activities experiences ("The history of," 2003).Sports have held a dominant position in local information broadcasting for several years, but recent business trends have known as into query this position. Segmented audiences, changing demographics, and declining information profitability have compelled the station to reexamine its community athletics section. “Sports activities is probably the previous regions of TV where people do matters how they constantly have,” states television executive Elliott Wiser. “(Now) a different technique is needed” (Deggans, 2000).
Problem for Area Tv set News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Challenge for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Affiliation(“Shifting channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). TV 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Trouble for Regional TV Athletics
None of this is Great news to the neighborhood tv sports sector, that is progressively underneath scrutiny from station execs. Despite its conventional presence in just local newscasts, sports activities have very long been considered a "tuning" element. In keeping with a survey with the Radio and Television News Administrators Basis, only 31% of viewers stated they ended up 'very fascinated' in sports activities and 32% ended up 'relatively intrigued' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed interest inside the temperature. "Sports are really polarizing." reported television news specialist Brent Magid. “The bulk can accept, leave, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Reports have revealed that Ladies are much fewer thinking about sports activities than Gentlemen (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In accordance with station 스포츠중계 news director Jim Church, "Telling a story when no person is listening is not really a good use of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eliminated the sport, while others have diminished their allotted time. Depending on the day from the week (weekends have a lot more sports activities time), athletics segments have usually gained involving a few and 5 minutes of regional information coverage. Since amount is right down to about a minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA cut the time for sports by just a few and a 50 % minutes for 3 hrs of reports. Other individuals inside the market have applied new methods, including sports stories that aim additional on persons than scores or cater to your wider news viewers. "What we are wanting to do now is address athletics as news," says KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We want to do some thing beyond sporting activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 TV 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Changes in community sports activities may be a mirrored image from the large upheaval occurring all through broadcast information. In the event the sporting activities sector is not safe, How about other news aspects? CBS Group Information Vp Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) explained, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [news] product.”
On a more rapid level, improvements within the community sports activities sector specifically have an effect on thousands of aspiring sportscasters. Stations which might be reducing their motivation to sporting activities can also be cutting down their sports workforce stages, which impacts The work marketplace. A different information director stated, "[Athletics on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two comprehensive-time sportsmen to one entire-time, a person in control of the news 3 times a week, and it was a battle to remain there.”
Similarly vital, improvements in just how sports are presented are forcing sports activities broadcasters to know new solutions. No longer can sportscasters concentrate on scoring. They've got for making the presentation extra partaking for normal fans. This really is also crucial for journalism universities across the nation, which really need to doc what stations want during the sporting activities sector and update their schooling curricula.
Will these changes work or persist? Sports journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented on the alter in KDKA, “Let’s reserve final judgment until September, when the Steelers, college or university, and highschool soccer seasons get started in earnest. Then the station is going to be . There exists an error in clock management.”